Buffalo Creek Reservation
The Buffalo Creek Reservation was a tract of land surrounding Buffalo Creek in the central portion of Erie County, New York. It contained approximately 49,920 acres (202.0 km2) of land and was set aside for the Seneca Nation following negotiations with the United States after the American Revolutionary War.
The territory around Buffalo Creek was conquered by the Senecas in the 1600s from the Wenrohronon, also called Wenro. Sometime between 1660 and 1690 the Senecas began to occupy the area.
During the American Revolution The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 destroyed many towns of the Seneca. who were allies of the British. The homeless people fled to the protection of the British at Fort Niagara. At one point the British were reported to be feeding and housing over 5000 refuges. Following a terrible winter of 1779–80 at Niagara the Iroquois began to disperse, with Joseph Brant taking a group to the Grand River in Canada, Tuscaroras going to Lewiston, and Senecas, Cayugas, and Onondagas led by Sayenqueraghta (Old King) and his son-in-law Roland Montour choosing to settle at Buffalo Creek.
Because the Seneca had been allies of the defeated British, the US forced them to cede most of their territory. The Treaty of Big Tree in 1797 relinquished all of Western New York except for twelve reservations, including Buffalo Creek. This reservation encompassed much of the present site of the city of Buffalo, New York, as well as its southern and western suburbs. By 1817 an estimate placed the population at around 700 Senecas plus small numbers of other displaced people.
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