Budesonide
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| Trade names | Pulmicort, Rhinocort, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a608007 |
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| Routes of administration |
By mouth, nasal, tracheal, rectal |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 10-20% (first pass effect) |
| Protein binding | 85-90% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic CYP3A4 |
| Biological half-life | 2.0-3.6 hours |
| Excretion | Renal, faecal |
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| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.051.927 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C25H34O6 |
| Molar mass | 430.534 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
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Budesonide (BUD), sold under the brand name Pulmicort among others, is a medication of the corticosteroid type. It is available as an inhaler, pill, nasal spray, and rectal forms. The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nasal spray is used for allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. The pills in a delayed release form and rectal forms may be used for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and microscopic colitis.
Common side effects with the inhaled form include respiratory infections, cough, and headaches. Common side effects with the pills include feeling tired, vomiting, and joint pains. Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, loss of bone strength, and cataracts. Long-term use of the pill form may cause adrenal insufficiency. Stopping the pills suddenly following long-term use may therefore be dangerous. The inhaled form is generally safe in pregnancy. Budesonide is mainly a glucocorticoid.
Budesonide was initially patented in 1973. Commercial use as an asthma medication began in 1981. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Some forms are available as a generic medication. The wholesale price in the developing world for an inhaler containing 200 doses is about 5 to 7 USD as of 2014. As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is 100 to 200 USD.
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