Bradyrhizobium japonicum
| Bradyrhizobium japonicum | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 on an agar plate | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Rhizobiales |
| Family: | Bradyrhizobiaceae |
| Genus: | Bradyrhizobium |
| Species: | B. japonicum |
| Binomial name | |
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Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner 1896) Jordan, 1982 |
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| Synonyms | |
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Rhizobium japonicum Buchanan 1926 |
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Rhizobium japonicum Buchanan 1926
Rhizobacterium japonicum Kirchner 1896
Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The species is one of many Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly referred to as rhizobia. Within that broad classification, which has three groups, taxonomy studies using DNA sequencing indicate that B. japonicum belongs within homology group II.
B. japonicum is added to legume seed to improve crop yields, particularly in areas where the bacterium is not native (e.g. Arkansas soils). Often the inoculate is adhered to the seeds prior to planting using a sugar solution.
A strain of B. japonicum, USDA110, has been in use a model organism since 1957. It is widely used to study molecular genetics, plant physiology, and plant ecology due to its relatively superior symbiotic nitrogen-fixation activity with soybean (i.e. compared to other rhizobia species). Its entire genome was sequenced in 2002, revealing that the species has a single circular chromosome with 9,105,828 base pairs.
B. japonicum is able to degrade catechin with formation of phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, further decarboxylated to phloroglucinol, which is dehydroxylated to resorcinol and hydroxyquinol.
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