Boris Efimov
| Boris Yefimov | |
|---|---|
Boris Yefimov
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| Born |
September 28, 1899 or September 28, 1900 Kiev, Russian Empire |
| Died | October 1, 2008 (aged 108 or 109) Moscow, Russia |
| Occupation | Political cartoonist and propaganda artist |
Boris Yefimovich Yefimov (Russian: Бори́с Ефи́мович Ефи́мов; September 28, 1899 or 1900 – October 1, 2008) was a Soviet political cartoonist best known for his critical political caricatures of Adolf Hitler and other Nazis produced before and during the Second World War, and was the chief illustrator of the newspaper Izvestia. During his 90-year career he produced more than 70,000 drawings.
Yefimov was born in Kiev as Boris Fridlyand (Friedland), the second son of a Jewish shoemaker. His father was Yefim Moiseyevich Fridlyand (1860–1945); his mother was Rakhil Savelyevna (1880–1969). Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Białystok, where he grew up alongside his older brother Mikhail (who became the famous journalist Mikhail Koltsov, arrested during the Great Purge and executed in 1940). During the First World War, his family fled the advancing German armies and returned to Kiev, where he pursued legal studies. He began to express his emotions through caricatures of politicians, the first of which were published in 1919 and circulated in the Kievian Red Army.
From 1920 to 1921, Yefimov designed posters and brochures for the communist organisation Agitprop, finally moving to Moscow in 1922 after his brother, who worked as an editor for Pravda, offered him a job drawing political cartoons. His artistic talent, directed mainly against the West, gained him prominence, and his work started appearing in such titles as Izvestia, Krokodil and Ogonyok, a magazine founded by his brother Mikhail Koltsov (1898–1940). The year 1924 saw the publication of his first book, Political Cartoons (Russian: Политические карикатуры, Politicheskiye Karikatury), which included a foreword by Leon Trotsky.
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