Bor, Sudan

City of Bor Mading Bor
Merol Market in Bor Town (2010).
City of Bor Location in South Sudan
Coordinates: 6°12′45″N 31°33′39″E / 6.21250°N 31.56083°E / 6.21250; 31.56083Coordinates: 6°12′45″N 31°33′39″E / 6.21250°N 31.56083°E / 6.21250; 31.56083
Country	South Sudan
State	Jonglei
Mayor	Lord Mayor Prof. Akim Ajieth Buny
Elevation	407 m (1,335 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	315,351
Time zone	EAT (UTC+3)
Climate	Aw

Bor is the capital of Jonglei State in South Sudan. Since 2016, it has also served as the headquarters of Bor Municipality. The town is situated on the east side of the Bahr al Jabal River at the southern extent of the sudd, South Sudan's vast central wetlands.

Bor Town is located on the site of a fishing village on the Bahr al Jabal River, where an ivory-and-slave trading depot was established in the 1860s. It grew into a regional hub of the slave-and-ivory trade during the late nineteenth-century. In 1874, Charles George Gordon established a government station there under the Turkiyah Government. In the early years of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Bor was a "wooding station" for steamers travelling along the Bahr al Jabal River. In 1905, Bor was established as the headquarters of the Bor-Duk District.

Bor is of historical importance to the people of South Sudan. It was in Malek, a small settlement about 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Bor, that one of the first modern Christian missions in present-day South Sudan was established by Archibald Shaw in 1906. Bor became the first area to host a Church Missionary Society station in 1906.

Malek was turned into a missionary stronghold in the Upper Nile Region. Shaw opened the first primary school in Malek. This school produced the first indigenous Anglican bishop to be consecrated in Dinkaland, Rt. Rev. Daniel Deng Atong, followed the Nikonora Achiek Deng Ariir. John Aruor became the first legend to be baptized in 1916 in Bor.

Bor became an administrative centre under the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956) for the Dinka people. Bor is the epicenter of the Second Sudanese Civil War. Dr. John Garang De Mabior, an officer in the Sudanese Army led a revolt in the town of Bor, in May 1983, leading to the birth of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA). Bor was also the scene of the 1991 Bor massacre, where approximately 20000 people were killed. Eventually South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011.