Bootstrap (front-end framework)
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| Original author(s) | Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton |
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| Developer(s) | Bootstrap Core Team |
| Initial release | August 19, 2011 |
| Stable release |
3.3.7 / July 25, 2016
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| Preview release |
4.0.0-alpha.6 / January 6, 2017
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| Repository | github |
| Written in | HTML, CSS, Less, Sass and JavaScript |
| Platform | Web engines |
| Type | HTML and CSS-based design templates |
| License | MIT License (Apache License 2.0 prior to 3.1.0) |
| Website | getbootstrap |
Bootstrap is a free and open-source front-end web framework for designing websites and web applications. It contains HTML- and CSS-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation and other interface components, as well as optional JavaScript extensions. Unlike many web frameworks, it concerns itself with front-end development only.
Bootstrap is the second most-starred project on GitHub, with more than 105,000 stars and 47,000 forks.
Bootstrap is a framework, because it provides structure instead of simply being a library of predefined elements and styles.
Bootstrap, originally named Twitter Blueprint, was developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton at Twitter as a framework to encourage consistency across internal tools. Before Bootstrap, various libraries were used for interface development, which led to inconsistencies and a high maintenance burden. According to Twitter developer Mark Otto:
"A super small group of developers and I got together to design and build a new internal tool and saw an opportunity to do something more. Through that process, we saw ourselves build something much more substantial than another internal tool. Months later, we ended up with an early version of Bootstrap as a way to document and share common design patterns and assets within the company."
After a few months of development by a small group, many developers at Twitter began to contribute to the project as a part of Hack Week, a hackathon-style week for the Twitter development team. It was renamed from Twitter Blueprint to Bootstrap, and released as an open source project on August 19, 2011. It has continued to be maintained by Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and a small group of core developers, as well as a large community of contributors.
On January 31, 2012, Bootstrap 2 was announced. This release added the twelve-column grid layout and responsive design components, as well as changes to many of the existing components. The Bootstrap 3 release was announced on 19 August 2013, moving to a mobile first approach and using a flat design.
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