Bolivian Sign Language

Bolivian Sign Language
Lenguaje de Señas Bolivianas LSB
Native to	Bolivia
Native speakers	350–400 (1988)
Language family	French Sign American Sign Bolivian Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`boli1236` (Bolivian Sign Language)

Costa Rican Sign Language
New Costa Rican Sign Language
Native to	Costa Rica
Language family	Creole of American Sign (French family) and Old Costa Rican Sign
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`cost1249` (Costa Rican Sign Language)

Dominican Sign Language
Native to	Dominican Republic
Language family	French Sign American Sign Dominican Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`domi1236` (Dominican Sign Language)

Francophone African Sign Language
Native to	Ivory Coast, Benin, Cameroon, Gabon, and other areas of Francophone West and Central Africa
Native speakers	12,500 in Benin, 530 in Guinea, unknown numbers elsewhere (2008)
Language family	French Sign American Sign Francophone African Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (`mis`) Individual code: `gus` – Guinean Sign Language
Glottolog	`guin1250` (Guinean Sign Language)

Ghanaian Sign Language
Native to	Ghana
Native speakers	6,000+ (2004)
Language family	French Sign American Sign Ghanaian Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`ghan1235` (Ghanaian Sign Language)

Jamaican Sign Language
JSL
Native to	Jamaica
Native speakers	7,500 (2011)
Language family	French Sign American Sign Jamaican Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`jama1263` (Jamaican Sign Language)

Moroccan Sign Language
MSL
Native to	Morocco
Region	Tetouan
Native speakers	63,000 (2008)
Language family	French Sign American Sign-based creole? Moroccan Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`moro1242` (Moroccan Sign Language)

Nigerian Sign Language
Native to	Nigeria, Chad, Republic of Congo
Native speakers	2,800 in Chad (2008) unknown number in Nigeria
Language family	French Sign American Sign Nigerian Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `nsi` – Nigerian Sign `cds` – Chadian Sign
Glottolog	`nige1259` (Nigerian Sign)

Panamanian Sign Language
Lengua de señas panameñas
Native to	Panama
Language family	French Sign American Sign Panamanian Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`pana1308` (Panamanian Sign Language)

Puerto Rican Sign Language
PRSL
Lengua de señas puertorriqueña
Native to	Puerto Rico
Ethnicity	8,000 to 40,000 deaf (1986)
Language family	French Sign American Sign Puerto Rican Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	`puer1237` (Puerto Rican Sign Language)

American Sign Language (ASL) developed in the United States and Canada, but has spread around the world. Local varieties have developed in many countries, but there is little research on which should be considered dialects of ASL (such as Bolivian Sign Language) and which have diverged to the point of being distinct languages (such as Malaysian Sign Language).

The following are sign language varieties of ASL in countries other than the USA and Canada, languages based on ASL with substratum influence from local sign languages, and mixed languages in which ASL is a component. Distinction follow political boundaries, which may not correspond to linguistic boundaries.

Bolivian Sign Language (Lenguaje de Señas Bolivianas, LSB) is a dialect of American Sign Language (ASL) used predominantly by the Deaf in Bolivia.

In 1973, American Sign Language was brought to Bolivia by Eleanor and Lloyd Powlison, missionaries from the United States. An indigenous sign language (or perhaps sign languages) existed before the introduction and adoption of American Sign Language, though it is unknown how widespread or unified it was.

The first book of LSB was published in 1992, but more than 90% of the signs were from ASL. Due to research work in the 1990s and 2000s a lot of expressions in LSB were collected by Bolivian Deaf, and education materials for learning LSB or teaching in LSB were published. The dependence on words used in ASL was reduced, but the usage of ASL words still is over 70%.

Today LSB is used by more deaf Bolivians than the reported 400 in 1988 in the Ethnologue report, due to the introduction of bilingual education (LSB as primary language and Spanish as secondary language) originally in Riberalta and its adoption to other schools in Bolivia with the support of the Education Ministry of Bolivia and the growing social exchange of the Deaf.

In 1988, there were a total of 9 deaf institutions in the country and 46,800 deaf Bolivians. In 2002 there were approximately 25 deaf schools.

Costa Rican Sign Language, also known New Costa Rican Sign Language or Modern Costa Rican Sign Language, is the national sign language of Costa Rica's Deaf community. It is used primarily by people born after 1960, and is about 60% cognate with American Sign Language (Woodward 1991, 1992). It is unrelated to two known village sign languages of Costa Rica, Bribri Sign Language and Brunca Sign Language.

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