Bolesław Limanowski
| Bolesław Limanowski | |
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Bolesław Limanowski in 1924
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| Member of the Polish Senate | |
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In office 1922–1935 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
18 October 1835 Podgórze, Latgalia |
| Died | 15 February 1935 (aged 99) Warsaw, Poland |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | Polish Socialist Party |
| Occupation | Historian, politician |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Awards |  |
Bolesław Limanowski (Polish pronunciation: [bɔˈlɛswaf limaˈnɔfskʲi]; 18 October 1835 - 15 February 1935) was a Polish socialist politician, as well as historian and journalist and advocate of Agrarianism. He was one of the first people to promote socialist ideas in Poland.
He began to be politically active during his studies in Wilno and was arrested by Russian police in 1861 for expressing patriotic views. He was still in prison, when the January Uprising began in 1863, so he couldn’t take part in the fighting. Released from prison in 1867, he moved to Lviv, where he was working as a journalist, expressing socialist views and became the secretary to Rudolf Günsberg, Professor of Applied Chemistry for one year. In 1878 he emigrated to Switzerland, where he was publishing, together with Stanisław Mendelson, K. Dłuski and K. Hildt, one of the first Polish socialist newspaper, “Równość” (Equality). He was a founder of Stowarzyszenie Socjalistyczne Lud Polski (Socialist Association “Polish People”), which goal was fighting for independence of Poland and socialism. His views were supported by Friedrich Engels himself, who opted for Polish independence (but changed his mind afterwards), and with whom Limanowski was in contact.
In November 1892 he took part in a meeting of Polish socialists from the Russian partition held in Paris. As the oldest participant, he became a chairman of the talks. He became one of the founding members of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) established there. After the division of the Party, he supported Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction, led by Józef Piłsudski. Limanowski was a proponent of the Polish nation and never accepted internationalism of the radical left-wing organizations and communists.
He was present in Poland during the difficult first years of independence. In 1922 he was elected a senator for the first time. After Piłsudski's coup in 1926, Limanowski strongly advocated democracy and opposed the Sanacja authoritarian government. Despite his age, he remained active and was serving as a senator until his death at the age of 99.
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