Bloody Sunday (1920)

Bloody Sunday shootings
Location	central Dublin
Date	21 November 1920 Early morning (GMT)
Attack type	assassination
Weapons	revolvers, automatics
Deaths	Nine Army officers 1 RIC Defence-of-Barracks Sergeant 2 ADRIC Temporary Cadets 2 civilians 1 uncertain (probably a British agent)
Non-fatal injuries	One military intelligence officer 1 army officer 1 civilian 1 IRA volunteer
Perpetrator	Irish Republican Army

Croke Park massacre
Location	Croke Park, Dublin
Date	21 November 1920 15:25 (GMT)
Attack type	indiscriminate shooting
Weapons	rifles, revolvers and an armoured car
Deaths	14 civilians
Non-fatal injuries	60–70 civilians
Perpetrator	Royal Irish Constabulary Auxiliary Division

Bloody Sunday (Irish: Domhnach na Fola) was a day of violence in Dublin on 21 November 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. In total, 31 people were killed, including eleven British soldiers and police, sixteen Irish civilians, and three Irish republican prisoners.

The day began with an Irish Republican Army (IRA) operation, organised by Michael Collins, to assassinate the 'Cairo Gang' – a team of undercover British intelligence agents working and living in Dublin. IRA members went to a number of addresses and shot dead fourteen people (in addition, Montomery was mortally wounded and died on 10 December): nine British Army officers (including Montgomery), a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) officer, two members of the Auxiliary Division, two civilians, and one man (Leonard Wilde) whose exact status is uncertain.

Later that afternoon, members of the Auxiliary Division and RIC opened fire on the crowd at a Gaelic football match in Croke Park, killing fourteen civilians and wounding at least sixty. That evening, three IRA suspects being held in Dublin Castle were beaten and killed by their captors, who claimed they were trying to escape.

Overall, while its events cost relatively few lives, Bloody Sunday was considered a great victory for the IRA, as Collins's operation severely damaged British intelligence, while the later reprisals did no real damage to the guerrillas but increased support for the IRA at home and abroad.

Bloody Sunday was one of the most significant events to take place during the Irish War of Independence, which followed the declaration of an Irish Republic and its parliament, Dáil Éireann. The army of the new republic, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), waged a guerrilla war against the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), its auxiliary organisations, and the British Army, who were tasked with suppressing the Irish rebellion. Some members of the Gaelic Athletic Association which owned Croke Park were nationalists, but others were not.

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