Blood islands
| Blood island of umbilical vesicle | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Carnegie stage | 6a |
| Days | 21 |
| Precursor | Mesoderm |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis |
| Code | TE E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 |
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Anatomical terminology
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Blood islands are structures around the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. Blood islands arise external to the developing embryo on the umbilical vesicle, allantois, connecting stalk and chorion. They are also known as Pander's islands or Wolff's islands, after Heinz Christian Pander or Caspar Friedrich Wolff.
In humans, the formation of extraembryonic blood vessels starts at the beginning of the third week after fertilization. Vasculogenesis begins as mesodermal cells differentiate into hemangioblasts, which in turn differentiate into angioblasts. Clusters of angioblasts make up the blood islands.
Within the blood islands, lumens begin to appear by the growth of intercellular clefts. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. Mesenchymal cells exterior to this form the muscular and connective tissue components of blood vessels.
Roughly 3 weeks after fertilization, red blood cells, still with a nucleus, and blood plasma develop outside the embryo. They develop from undifferentiated hemangioblasts in blood vessels in the walls of the umbilical vesicle, allantois and chorion. In either case the mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide.
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