Black movement

Black Power movement
Part of the aftermath of the Civil Rights Movement
Black Panther at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., in June 1970
Date	1965—1985
Location	United States

The Black Power movement was a political movement that intended to achieve Black Power. During the civil rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s, black activists experimented with various forms of self-advocacy, ranging from political lobbying to armed struggle. The movement was originally inspired by the philosophies of pan-Africanism, black nationalism, and socialism, as well as by contemporary events like the Cuban Revolution and the decolonization of Africa. The movement grew out of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Many black people became frustrated with the Civil Rights Movement's reformist and pacifist elements, believing that these methods were not doing much to change race relations in the country at the time. Those who sought more direct action gravitated toward the Black Power movement. Early leaders of the Black Power movement included Robert F. Williams and Malcolm X, but the cornerstone of the movement was the Black Panther Party, an organization explicitly dedicated to the protection of black people in the face of institutionalized racism and violence perpetrated by the state. At the peak of the movement in the early 1970s, some of its more militant leaders were killed during conflicts with police, causing many activists to abandon the cause. Nevertheless, the influence of the Black Power movement continued, as seen in the Caribbean's creation of the Black Power Revolution.

Motivated by a desire for safety and self-sufficiency that was not available inside redline neighborhoods, Black Power activists founded scores of institutions and services, including black-owned bookstores, food cooperatives, farms, media, printing presses, schools, clinics, and ambulance services.

The first popular use of the term "Black Power" as a social and racial slogan was by Stokely Carmichael (later known as Kwame Ture) and Willie Ricks (later known as Mukasa Dada), both organizers and spokespersons for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). On June 16, 1966, in a speech in Greenwood, Mississippi during the March Against Fear, Stokely Carmichael led the marchers in a chant for black power that was televised nationally.