Bismuthine

Names

IUPAC name

bismuthane

Other names

bismuth trihydride
hydrogen bismuthide
bismine

Identifiers

CAS Number

18288-22-7^Y

3D model (Jmol)

8886^N

InChI=1S/Bi.3H^N

Key: BPBOBPIKWGUSQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N
InChI=1/Bi.3H/rBiH3/h1H3

Key: BPBOBPIKWGUSQG-PVKOQVOWAF

SMILES

[Bi]

Properties

Chemical formula

BiH₃

Molar mass

212.00 g/mol

Appearance

colourless gas

Density

0.008665 g/mL (20 °C)

Boiling point

16.8 °C (62.2 °F; 289.9 K) (extrapolated)

Structure

Molecular shape

trigonal pyramidal

Related compounds

Related hydrides

Ammonia
Phosphine
Arsine
Stibine

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

(what is ^YN ?)

Infobox references

Bismuthine (IUPAC name: bismuthane) is the chemical compound with the formula BiH₃. As the heaviest analogue of ammonia (a pnictogen hydride), BiH₃ is unstable, decomposing to bismuth metal well below 0 °C. This compound adopts the expected pyramidal structure with H-Bi-H angles of around 90°.

The term bismuthine may also refer to a member of the family of organobismuth(III) species having the general formula BiR
3, where R is an organic substituent. For example, Bi(CH₃)₃ is trimethylbismuthine.

BiH₃ is prepared by the redistribution of methylbismuthine (BiH₂Me):

The required BiH₂Me, which is also thermally unstable, is generated by reduction of methylbismuth dichloride, BiCl₂Me with LiAlH₄.

As suggested by the behavior of SbH₃, BiH₃ is unstable and decomposes to its constituent elements according to the following equation:

The methodology used for detection of arsenic ("Marsh test") can also be used to detect BiH₃. This test relies on the thermal decomposition of these trihydrides to the metallic mirrors of reduced As, Sb, and Bi. These deposits can be further distinguished by their distinctive solubility characteristics: arsenic dissolves in NaOCl, antimony dissolves in ammonium polysulfide, and bismuth resists both reagents.

The low stability of BiH₃ poses significant hazards and precludes technical applications, except as an intermediary product.

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