Bhavnagar Tramway

Trams in India were established by the British in the mid 19th century. Horse-drawn trams were introduced in Kolkata in 1873. Electric trams were started in Chennai in 1895. Trams were introduced in Mumbai, Nashik, Kanpur, Kochi, Patna and Bhavnagar. Trams were discontinued in most Indian cities between 1930 and 1960, leaving only Kolkata.

The trams in Kolkata (earlier Calcutta), West Bengal, India, are operated by the Calcutta Tramways Company (CTC). It is currently the only operating tram network in India and is the oldest operating electric tram in Asia, having run since 1902. There are in total 257 trams, of which 125 run on the streets of Kolkata on a daily basis. The cars are single-deck articulated cars and can carry 200 passengers (60 seated).

The first horse drawn trams in India ran a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) distance between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street on 24 February 1873. The service was, however, discontinued on 20 Nov. The Calcutta Tramway Co. Ltd was formed and registered in London on 22 December 1880. Metre-gauge horse-drawn tram tracks were laid from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The route was inaugurated by the Viceroy, Lord Ripon, on 1 November 1880. In 1882, steam locomotives were deployed experimentally to haul tram cars. By the end of the nineteenth century, the company owned 166 tram cars, 1000 horses, seven steam locomotives and 19 miles of tram tracks.; In1900, electrification of the tramway, and reconstruction of tracks to 4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) began.; In 1902, the first electric tramcar in India ran from Esplanade to Kidderpore on 27 March, and on 14 June from Esplanade to Kalighat.

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