Bertha Pappenheim
| Bertha Pappenheim | |
|---|---|
In 1882
|
|
| Born |
February 27, 1859 Vienna |
| Died | May 28, 1936 (aged 77) Neu-Isenburg |
| Nationality | German, of Austrian descent |
| Other names | Anna O. "Only a Girl" |
| Occupation | Neu-Isenburg orphanage for Jewish girls |
| Known for | Early case of Josef Breuer, Jüdischer Frauenbund |
Bertha Pappenheim (February 27, 1859 – May 28, 1936) was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a social pioneer, and the founder of the Jewish Women's Association (Jüdischer Frauenbund). Under the pseudonym Anna O., she was also one of Josef Breuer's best documented patients because of Freud's writing on Breuer's case.
Bertha Pappenheim was born on 27 February 1859 in Vienna as the third daughter of Siegmund Pappenheim and Recha Pappenheim. Her father Sigmund, (1824–1881) a merchant, was the son of an Orthodox Jewish family from Preßburg (today's Bratislava, Czechoslovakia), then Austria-Hungary and was the cofounder of the Orthodox Schiffschul in Vienna; the family name alludes to the Franconian town of Pappenheim. Her mother Recha, née Goldschmidt (1830–1905), was from Frankfurt am Main. Her mother came from an old and wealthy Frankfurt family. As "just another daughter" in a strictly traditional Jewish household, Bertha was a conscious that her parents would have preferred a male child. Kaplan, M. A. (1979). Both families came from traditional Jewish marriage views and had roots in Orthodox Judaism. Bertha was raised in the style of well-bred young ladies of good class. She attended a Roman Catholic girls' school and led a life structured by the Jewish holiday calendar and summer vacations in Ischl.
When she was 8 years old her oldest sister Henriette (1849–1867) died of "galloping consumption." When she was 11 the family moved from Vienna's Leopoldstadt, which was primarily inhabited by poverty-ridden Jews, to Liechtensteinstraße in the 9th District Alsergrund. She left school when she was sixteen, devoted herself to needlework and helped her mother with the kosher preparation of their food. Her 18-month-younger brother Wilhelm (1860–1937) was meanwhile attending high school, which made Bertha intensely jealous.
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