Bergmann–Bayard pistol

Bergmann–Bayard Pistol Model 1903, 1908, 1910, 1910-21
Bergmann–Bayard Pistol
Type	Semi-automatic pistol
Place of origin	Belgium German Empire
Service history
In service	Rif War World War I Spanish Civil War German invasion of Denmark
Used by	See Users
Production history
Designer	Theodor Bergmann
Designed	1901-1910
Manufacturer	Anciens Etablissements Pieper, Herstal, Belgium
Produced	1901-1914 then 1922-1935 (Denmark)
No. built	at least 12,000 to military users, at least 15,500 in total
Variants	Bergmann Mars (1901), Model 1903, Model 1908, Model 1910, Model 1910/21
Specifications (Model 1910/21)
Weight	1,020 grams
Length	254mm
Barrel length	101mm
Cartridge	9mm Largo
Caliber	9mm
Action	locked breech
Muzzle velocity	1,150 ft/s (350 m/s)
Effective firing range	100 metres
Feed system	6- or 10-round removable box magazine
Sights	Blade front, tangent leaf rear

The Bergmann–Bayard was a German designed semi-automatic pistol produced under license in Belgium.

The Bergmann Mars was produced in 1901, and was the first Bergmann design aimed squarely at the military market, with a comparatively powerful 9×23mm Bergmann round. It aroused the interest of a number of armies and was the subject of several trials in competition with the Mauser C96, Mannlicher, Browning and Luger pistols.

The Bergmann–Bayard Model 1903 was adopted by the Spanish army in 1905 as the Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1903. Unable to find a German manufacturer to complete the Spanish order for 3000 pistols, Theodor Bergmann turned to a Belgian manufacturer, Anciens Etablissements Pieper (who used the trademark "Bayard") and who completed the order. The modified pistol was known as the Bergmann Bayard 1908 (not to be confused with Pieper-Bayard 1908), or in Spain as the Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1908. Although adopted in 1908 delivery of the approximately 3,000 weapons was not completed until two years later. Meanwhile other manufacturers such as Campo-Giro had adopted the 9mm Bergmann–Bayard round and, due to its long history of use in Spanish submachine guns, carbines and pistols, today it is most commonly known as the 9mm Largo.

At the same time the Bergmann–Bayard model 1910 was adopted by the Danish military. A total of 4,840 M1910 Bergmann Bayards was initially delivered to the Danish Army. The pistol was produced in Belgium until 1914, when production ceased during World War I and never resumed. The Bergmann–Bayard was later produced in Denmark from 1922-1935.

Several modifications to the original design, such as an improved extractor and bolt; a screw to retain the sideplate instead of a spring-loaded catch; and a new grip design extending the full length of the backstrap to the frame were made. The original grips were made of Trolit, a checkered plastic material similar to Bakelite. It was, however, prone to chipping and warping, and the majority of new 1910/21 models was fitted with checkered wooden grips.