Belgium participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "City Lights", written by Pierre Dumoulin and Ellie Delvaux (Blanche). The song was performed by Blanche, who was selected by the Belgian broadcaster Radio Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française (RTBF) on 22 November 2016 to represent the nation at the 2017 contest in Kiev, Ukraine. "City Lights" was internally selected as the song Blanche would perform at Eurovision and later premiered on 8 March 2017.

Belgium was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May 2017. Performing during the show in position 5, "City Lights" was announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 13 May.

Prior to the 2017 contest, Belgium had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-eight times since its debut as one of seven countries to take part in 1956. Since then, the country has won the contest on one occasion in 1986 with the song "J'aime la vie" performed by Sandra Kim. Following the introduction of semi-finals for 2004, Belgium had been featured in only five finals. In 2016, Laura Tesoro represented the country with the song "What's the Pressure", qualifying to the final and placing tenth.

The Belgian broadcaster for the 2017 Contest, who broadcasts the event in Belgium and organises the selection process for its entry, will be Radio Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française (RTBF). The Belgian participation in the contest alternates between two broadcasters: the Walloon RTBF and the Flemish Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT). Both broadcasters have selected the Belgian entry using national finals and internal selections in the past. In 2015, RTBF internally selected a contestant from the reality singing competition The Voice Belgique to represent the nation, while in 2016, VRT organised the national final Eurosong in order to select the Belgian entry. On 23 May 2016, RTBF confirmed Belgium's participation in the 2017 Eurovision Song Contest.

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