Bela Ruka

The White Hand (Serbian: Бела Рука/Bela Ruka) was a secret military organization in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). It was established in order to counter the influence of the Black Hand, and relied on the People's Radical Party.

The May Coup (1903) which overthrew Aleksandar Obrenović was orchestrated by Dragutin Dimitrijević (called "Apis") and his group of lower officers, among whom were Petar Živković. Petar Karađorđević was crowned King of Serbia, and in contrast to the Austrophile Obrenović dynasty, Karađorđević relied on Russia and France, which provoked rising hostility from Austria-Hungary. The conspiracy group had toppled Obrenović on the pretext of pursuing the liberation and unification of Serb lands (Pan-Serbism).

The retirement of some of the conspirators involved in the May Coup eventually led to the division of the conspiratory group into two quarreling sides: the conspirators that stayed behind the dynasty and those who stood against it; the first was close to the court and government, the second dissatisfied. The split began in 1906, and subsequently spilled over into the Army. Serbian crown prince Aleksandar and Apis had disagreements, and Živković and Apis had a falling out. Živković accused Apis and other members of libel. The division brought about the establishment of the Black Hand and White Hand. The dissatisfied group established Unification or Death (the Black Hand) in 1911.

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