Battle of Yamen

A park in commemoration of the battle in Xinhui, Jiangmen, Guangdong

Date	19 March 1279
Location	Yamen, Guangdong
Result	Mongol victory Mongolian rule over whole China Fall of the Song dynasty.

Belligerents

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty of the Mongol Empire

Commanders and leaders

Zhang Shijie

Zhang Hongfan

Strength

200,000 people, mostly non-combatants - Song court officials and servants
1,000+ ships, mostly transport ships with warship escorts. Their actual fighting capacity of soldiers probably numbered in the tens of thousands.

20,000 Chinese soldiers
50+ warships

Casualties and losses

At least 100,000 died either from fighting or drowning, the rest fled

Unknown

The naval Battle of Yamen (simplified Chinese: 崖门战役; traditional Chinese: 厓門戰役) (also known as the Naval Battle of Mount Ya; simplified Chinese: 崖山海战; traditional Chinese: 厓山海戰) took place on 19 March 1279 and is considered to be the last stand of the Song dynasty against the invading Mongol Yuan Dynasty. Although outnumbered 10:1, the Yuan navy delivered a crushing tactical and strategic victory, destroying the Song.

Today, the battle site is located at Yamen, in Xinhui County, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China.

In 1276, the Southern Song court, in their rush to flee the capital city of Lin'an to avoid Mongol invaders approaching Fuzhou, left Emperor Gong behind to be captured. Hopes of resistance centered on two young princes, Emperor Gong's brothers. The older boy, Zhao Shi, who was nine years old, was declared emperor.

In 1277, when Fuzhou fell to the Mongols, the exiled dynasty fled to Quanzhou, where Zhang Shijie, the Grand General of Song, hoped to borrow boats to continue their flight. However, the Muslim merchant Fu Shougeng refused their request, prompting Zhang to confiscate Fu's properties and flee on stolen boats with the Song court. In fury, Fu slaughtered the imperial clan and many officials in Quanzhou and surrendered to the Yuan, strengthening the Mongols' naval power.

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Wikipedia