Battle of Rancagua

Part of the Chilean War of Independence

Bernardo O'Higgins' charge by Pedro Subercaseaux

Date

October 1–2, 1814

Location

Rancagua, Chile

Result

Decisive Royalist Victory

Chilean Patria Vieja is defeated
Spanish regain control of Chile

Belligerents

Chilean patriots

Royalists

Commanders and leaders

Bernardo O'Higgins

Juan José Carrera

Mariano Osorio

Strength

2,000
6 cannons

2,200
18 cannons

Casualties and losses

600 killed, 400 wounded, 888 captured

111 killed, 113 wounded

Decisive Royalist Victory

The Battle of Rancagua, also known as the Disaster of Rancagua, occurred in October 1814 when the Spanish under Mariano Osorio defeated rebel Chilean forces, putting an end to the independent Chilean Patria Vieja, beginning the Reconquista period of Spanish rule.

When Spain heard about the Patriot revolt in Chile, they sent an army of Spanish soldiers and royalists to defeat the rebellion. When O'Higgins heard about the besieged army in Rancagua, he went with his army of 1,000 patriots, to reinforce Juan Carrera's army in Rancagua. Outnumbered and with barely enough supplies, O'Higgins did not retreat and sealed the destiny of his army.

The battle began on the morning of 1 October, when the Spanish attacked. The Spanish surrounded the town, trapping the entire Chilean army. The fighting was fierce, with the patriots driving back the Talavera regiment three times. Fighting continued on until the evening, when Osorio pulled back his army, suffering heavy casualties. O'Higgins knew the battle was lost, with his army being low on ammunition and supplies. He was promised reinforcements from Santiago, but they never came. Fighting continued on the next day, until O'Higgins ordered his men to fight their way out as best as they could and disperse in the countryside, to avoid a Spanish retribution. O'Higgins managed to make his way past the royal troops and retreat to the capital, where his opponents entered without resistance a few days later. This led to the harsh reconquista rule of Chile.

After Rancagua fell, the Spanish quickly captured Santiago a few days later defeating the rebellion.

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