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Battle of Pensacola (1781)

Siege of Pensacola
Part of the Gulf Coast campaign
Spanish troops at Pensacola.jpg
Spanish grenadiers and militia pour into Fort George. Oil on canvas, United States Army Center of Military History.
Date March 9–May 8, 1781
Location Pensacola, then British West Florida, now Florida
Result Decisive Franco-Spanish victory
Territorial
changes
Spanish gain control of all of British West Florida
Belligerents
Spain Spain
 France

 Great Britain

Commanders and leaders
Spain Bernardo de Gálvez
Spain Francisco de Miranda
Spain José Calvo de Irazabal
Spain José Solano y Bote
Spain Juan Manuel de Cagigal
Kingdom of France François Aymar de Monteil
Kingdom of Great Britain John Campbell
Strength
7,400 regulars and militia
10,000 sailors & marines
21 ships
1,300 militia, natives & regulars
500 Indians
Casualties and losses
94 dead
202 wounded
102 dead
105 wounded
1,113 captured
2 sloops captured

 Great Britain

The Siege of Pensacola was a siege fought in 1781, the culmination of Spain's conquest of the British province West Florida during the American Revolutionary War.

When Spain entered the War in 1779, Bernardo de Gálvez, the energetic governor of Spanish Louisiana, immediately began offensive operations to gain control of British West Florida. In September 1779 he gained complete control over the lower Mississippi River by capturing Fort Bute and then shortly thereafter obtaining the surrender of the remaining forces following the Battle of Baton Rouge. He followed up these successes with the capture of Mobile on March 14, 1780, after a brief siege.

Gálvez began planning an assault on Pensacola, West Florida's capital, using forces from Havana, with the recently captured Mobile as the launching point for the attack. British reinforcements arriving in Pensacola in April 1780 delayed the expedition, however, and when an invasion fleet finally sailed in October, it was dispersed by a hurricane a few days later. Gálvez spent nearly a month regrouping the fleet at Havana.


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