Basin and Range Province

The Basin and Range Province is a vast physiographic region that covers much of the inland Western United States and northwestern Mexico. It is defined by unique basin and range topography, characterized by abrupt changes in elevation, alternating between narrow faulted mountain chains and flat arid valleys or basins. The physiography of the province is the result of tectonic extension that began around 17 Ma (million years ago) in Early Miocene time.

The numerous ranges within the Province in the United States are collectively referred to as the "Great Basin Ranges", although many are not actually in the Great Basin. Major ranges include the Snake Range, the Panamint Range, the White Mountains, the Sandia Mountains, and the Tetons. Depending on various geographical definitions of the Province, its highest point is either Mount Whitney or Pico de Orizaba, both of which are located at the boundary of the Province and belong to other geologic regions as well. Pico de Orizaba is unambiguously part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt which has little in common with the Basin and Range Province. The highest point fully within the Province is White Mountain Peak in California, while the lowest point is the Badwater Basin in Death Valley at −282 feet (−86 m). The Province's climate is arid, with numerous ecoregions. Most North American deserts are located in the Province.

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