Barth surface

In algebraic geometry, a Barth surface is one of the complex nodal surfaces in 3 dimensions with large numbers of double points found by Wolf Barth (1996). Two examples are the Barth sextic of degree 6 with 65 double points, and the Barth decic of degree 10 with 345 double points.

Some admit icosahedral symmetry.

For degree 6 surfaces in P³, Jaffe & Ruberman (1997) showed that 65 is the maximum number of double points possible. The Barth sextic is a counterexample to an incorrect claim by Francesco Severi in 1946 that 52 is the maximum number of double points possible.

The Barth Sextic may be visualized in three dimensions as featuring 50 real and 15 complex ordinary double points (nodes).

Referring to the figure, the 50 real ordinary double points are arrayed as the vertices of 20 roughly tetrahedral shapes oriented such that the bases of these four-sided "outward pointing" shapes form the triangular faces of a regular icosidodecahedron. To these 30 icosidodecahedral vertices are added the summit vertices of the 20 tetrahedral shapes. These 20 points themselves are the vertices of a concentric regular dodecahedron circumscribed about the inner icosidodecahedron. Together, these are the 50 real ordinary double points of the figure.

The 15 remaining, complex ordinary double points are represented as the 15 lines that pass through the opposite vertices of the inscribed icosidodecahedron, all 15 of which also intersect in the center of the figure. Each of the associated 15 complex ordinary double points are at infinite distance from the center of the figure, occupying each line at both of its infinite extents (Baez 2016).

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