The Barossa Valley railway line is a railway line with several branches, running from Gawler Central station into and through the Barossa Valley. The original terminus was at Angaston. A branch was built from Nuriootpa via to Truro, and a further branch from that to Penrice.
The Angaston line opened from Gawler through Nuriootpa to Angaston in 1911.
The line from Nuriootpa to Truro opened on 24 September 1917. Before it had been built, there was public discussion about it continuing to Dutton, Steinfeld and Sedan. The Truro line had also at various times been proposed to be extended to the Murray River at Blanchetown, but this was rejected in 1923.
By November 1950, a branch line from Light Pass on the Truro line to Penrice Quarry was built. The Truro line closed to passengers on 16 December 1968. Some freight trains and special tours by the Australian Railway Historical Society (ARHS) used the line to Truro until 1979 when Australian National declared the line unsafe. In the late 1970s the Truro line became the branch line and the Penrice line the mainline. The last ARHS special to operate past Penrice Junction was on 20 September 1981, when Rx 207 worked to Stockwell.