Charles Douglas, 5th Marquess of Queensberry, KT (March 1777 – 3 December 1837), known as Sir Charles Douglas, 5th Baronet between 1783 and 1810, was a Scottish peer.
Douglas was the eldest son and heir of Sir William Douglas, Bt, and his wife, Grace, née Johnstone. He inherited his father's baronetcy in 1783. On 13 August 1803, he married Lady Caroline Scott (1774–1854), the third daughter of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch; they had eight daughters.
In 1810, he succeeded his fourth cousin once removed, William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry, as Marquess of Queensberry. From 1812 to 1832, he was a representative peer for Scotland. He was made a Knight of the Thistle in the 1821 Coronation Honours and created Baron Solway, of Kinmount, in the County of Dumfries, in 1833, which granted him an automatic seat in the House of Lords.
Queensberry was Lord Lieutenant of the County of Dumfries, Colonel of the Dumfries Militia and director of the Royal Scottish Academy.
After a period of ill health, Queensberry died at his home at St James's Place, London in December 1837. The marquessate and baronetcy passed to his brother, and the barony became extinct.