Bao Dai
| Bảo Đại 保大 |
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| Emperor of Vietnam | |||||||||
Bảo Đại
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| Emperor of Vietnam | |||||||||
| Reign | 8 January 1926 – 25 August 1945 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Khải Định | ||||||||
| Successor |
Ho Chi Minh (as President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) Bảo Long (as Heir-apparent) |
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| Chief of State of Vietnam | |||||||||
| Reign | 13 June 1949 – 26 October 1955 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Position created Nguyễn Văn Xuân (as Head of Provisional government) |
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| Successor |
Ngô Đình Diệm (as President of the Republic of Vietnam) |
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| Born |
22 October 1913 Doan-Trang-Vien Palace, Huế, French Indochina |
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| Died | 30 July 1997 (aged 83) Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France |
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| Burial | Passy Cemetery | ||||||||
| Spouse |
Nam Phương (m. 1934–63) Hoàng Phi Ánh Bùi Mộng Điệp Christiane Bloch-Carcenac Monique Baudot (m. 1972–97) |
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| Issue |
Bảo Long (1936–2007) Phương Mai (1937) Phương Liên (1938) Phương Dung (1942) Bảo Thắng (1943) Phương Thảo (1946) Phương Minh (1949–2012) Bảo Ân (1953) Bảo Hoàng (1954–1955) Bảo Sơn (1957–1987) Phương Từ Patrick-Edward Bloch |
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| House | Nguyễn dynasty | ||||||||
| Father | Khải Định | ||||||||
| Mother | Hoàng Thị Cúc | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism, Catholicism | ||||||||
| Standard |  |
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| Full name | |
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| Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy | |
| Era dates | |
| Bảo Đại (1926–1945) |
| Bảo Đại | |
| Vietnamese name | |
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| Vietnamese | Bảo Đại |
| Hán-Nôm | |
| Birth name |
Bảo Đại (Chữ Nôm: 保大, lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 1913 – 30 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy, was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty, which was the last ruling family of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was emperor of Annam. During this period, Annam was a protectorate within French Indochina, covering the central two-thirds of the present-day Vietnam. Bảo Đại ascended the throne in 1932.
The Japanese ousted the Vichy-French administration in March 1945 and then ruled through Bảo Đại. At this time, he renamed his country "Vietnam". He abdicated in August 1945 when Japan surrendered. From 1949 until 1955, Bảo Đại was the chief of state of the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam). Bảo Đại was criticized for being too closely associated with France and spending much of his time outside of Vietnam. Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm eventually ousted him in a fraudulent referendum vote in 1955.
It has been widely held that Vietminh or Ho Chi Minh founded the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam alone. However, Stanley Karnow in Vietnam: A History argued that "Nothing has reinforced the Vietminh cause more than the mercurial Bao Dai's decision to abdicate. For his gesture conferred the 'mandate of heaven' on Ho, giving him the legitimacy that, in Vietnamese eyes, had traditionally resided in the emperor."
Bảo Đại was born Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy in the Palace of Doan-Trang-Vien, part of the compound of the Purple Forbidden City in Huế, the capital of Vietnam. He was later given the name Nguyễn Vĩnh Thụy. His father was Emperor Khải Định of Annam. His mother was the Emperor's second wife, Tu Cung, who was renamed 'Doan Huy' upon her 1913 marriage. She held various titles over the years that indicated her advancing rank as a favored consort until she eventually became Empress Dowager in 1933. Vietnam had been ruled from Huế by the Nguyễn Dynasty since 1802. The French government, which took control of the region in the late 19th century, split Vietnam into three areas: the protectorates of Annam and Tonkin and the colony of Cochinchina. The Nguyễn Dynasty was given nominal rule of Annam.
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