Bandwidth shaping

A network scheduler, also called packet scheduler, is an arbiter program on a node in packet switching communication network. It manages the sequence of network packets in the transmit and receive queues of the network interface controller, which is a circular data buffer. There are several network schedulers available for the different operating system kernels, that implement many of the existing network scheduling algorithms.

The network scheduler logic decides, in a way similar to statistical multiplexers, which network packet to forward next from the buffer. The buffer works as a queuing system, storing the network packets temporarily until they are transmitted. The buffer space may be divided into different queues, with each of them holding the packets of one flow according to configured packet classification rules; for example, packets can be divided into flows by their source and destination IP addresses. Network scheduling algorithms and their associated settings determine how the network scheduler manages the buffer.

Also, network schedulers are enabling accomplishment of the active queue management and traffic shaping.

In the course of time several network scheduling algorithms (also called queueing discipline, qdisc or queueing algorithm) have been developed. Each of the scheduling algorithms used internally for these queuing disciplines provides specific reordering or dropping of network packets inside various transmit or receive buffers. Queuing disciplines are commonly used as attempts to compensate for various networking conditions, like reducing the latency for certain classes of network packets, and are generally used as part of the quality of service (QoS) measures.

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