Bandjalangic languages

Bundjalung
Yugambeh-Bundjalung
Region	New South Wales, Australia
Ethnicity	Bundjalung people, Githabul, etc.
Native speakers	20 (2005) to 95 (2006 census)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Southeast New South Wales Durubal–Bandjalang Bundjalung
Dialects	Bandjalang Yugumbir Nganduwal Minjangbal Njangbal Biriin Baryulgil Waalubal Dinggabal Wiyabal Gidabal Galibal Wudjeebal
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously:  – Bandjalang  – Githabul  – Minjungbal  – Arakwal (not a specific dialect)
Glottolog	band1339
AIATSIS	E12 Bundjalung (cover term), E17 Yugambeh
Bandjalangic languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)
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Bundjalung, or Yugambeh-Bundjalung, is an Australian Indigenous language of the northeastern New South Wales and South-East Queensland coast.

Bundjalung consists of a number of dialects, including Yugumbir (sometimes confused with Yugambal), Nganduwal, Minjangbal, Njangbal, Biriin, Baryulgil, Waalubal, Dinggabal, Wiyabal, Gidabal, Galibal, and Wudjeebal. Bowern (2011) lists Yugambal, Githabul, Minjungbal, Ngara:ngwal, and Bandjalang as separate Bandjalangic languages.

Varieties of Bundjalung may have a vowel system of either 3 or 4 vowels that also contrast in length, resulting in either 6 or 8 phonemic vowels in total.

In practical orthography and some descriptions of the language, the letter "h" is often used after the vowel to indicate a long vowel.

Vowel Alternations

/a/ and /e/ are neutralised as [ɛ] before /j/.

The low central vowel /a/ can be fronted and raised following a palatal consonant, and backed following a velar consonant.

Unstressed short vowels can be reduced to the neutral central vowel schwa in a similar way to English.