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Balkan War (1912–13)

First Balkan War
Part of the Balkan Wars
Balkanskata voina Photobox.jpg
Clockwise from top right: Serbian forces entering the town of Mitrovica; Ottoman troops at the Battle of Kumanovo; the Greek king and the Bulgarian tsar in Thessaloniki; Bulgarian heavy artillery
Date 8 October 1912 – 30 May 1913
(7 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)
Location Balkan Peninsula
Result Balkan League victory
Belligerents
 Ottoman Empire Balkan League:
 Bulgaria
 Serbia
 Greece
 Montenegro
Commanders and leaders
Ottoman Empire Mehmed V
Ottoman Empire Enver Pasha
Ottoman Empire Nazım Pasha
Ottoman Empire Zeki Pasha
Ottoman Empire Esad Pasha Surrendered
Ottoman Empire Kölemen Abdullah Pasha
Ottoman Empire Ali Rıza Pasha
Ottoman Empire Hasan Tahsin Pasha Surrendered
Ottoman Empire İsmail Hakkı Pasha
Ottoman Empire Rauf Pasha
Kingdom of Bulgaria Ferdinand I
Kingdom of Bulgaria Mihail Savov
Kingdom of Bulgaria Ivan Fichev
Kingdom of Bulgaria Vasil Kutinchev
Kingdom of Bulgaria Nikola Ivanov
Kingdom of Bulgaria Radko Dimitriev
Kingdom of Bulgaria Stiliyan Kovachev
Kingdom of Bulgaria Georgi Todorov
Kingdom of Serbia Peter I
Kingdom of Serbia Radomir Putnik
Kingdom of Serbia Petar Bojović
Kingdom of Serbia Stepa Stepanović
Kingdom of Serbia Božidar Janković
Kingdom of Greece George I
Kingdom of Greece Crown Prince Constantine,
Kingdom of Greece Panagiotis Danglis
Kingdom of Greece Pavlos Kountouriotis
Kingdom of Montenegro King Nicholas I
Kingdom of Montenegro Prince Danilo Petrović
Kingdom of Montenegro Prince Peter
Kingdom of Montenegro Janko Vukotić
Strength
336,742 men initially, significantly more than the Balkan League by the end Bulgaria 350,000+,
Serbia 230,000 men,
Greece 125,000 men,
Montenegro 44,500 men
Total: 749,500+
Casualties and losses

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire:
50,000 killed
100,000 wounded
115,000 captured
75,000 dead of disease

Total: 340,000 dead, wounded or captured

Kingdom of Bulgaria Bulgaria:
8,840 killed
4,926 missing
36,877 wounded
10,995 dead of disease

Kingdom of Greece Greece:
2,373 killed in action or died of wounds
9,295 wounded
1,558 dead of disease or accidents (incl. 2nd Balkan war)

Kingdom of Serbia Serbia:
5,000 killed
18,000 wounded
6,698 dead of disease

Kingdom of Montenegro Montenegro:
2,430 killed
6,602 wounded
406 dead of disease

Total: at least c. 108,000 dead or wounded

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire:
50,000 killed
100,000 wounded
115,000 captured
75,000 dead of disease

Kingdom of Bulgaria Bulgaria:
8,840 killed
4,926 missing
36,877 wounded
10,995 dead of disease

Kingdom of Greece Greece:
2,373 killed in action or died of wounds
9,295 wounded
1,558 dead of disease or accidents (incl. 2nd Balkan war)

Kingdom of Serbia Serbia:
5,000 killed
18,000 wounded
6,698 dead of disease

Kingdom of Montenegro Montenegro:
2,430 killed
6,602 wounded
406 dead of disease


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