Bali Kingdom

Bali Dwipa
914–1908
The maximum extent of Balinese Kingdom of Gelgel in the mid-16th century
Capital		Bedulu (Warmadewa period) Samprangan (Majapahit period) Gelgel (Gelgel period) Klungkung (Nine Kingdoms period)
Languages		Kawi language (archaic) Balinese language
Religion		Balinese Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism
Government		Monarchy
Raja, Arya, Dalem, Dewa Agung
•	c. 914	Sri Kesari Warmadewa
•	c. late 10th century	Udayana Warmadewa
•	c. early 11th century	Anak Wungçu
•	c. 1180	Jayapangus
•	c. 1343	Arya Kenceng
•	c. mid-16th century	Dalem Baturenggong
•	c. 1908	Dewa Agung Jambe II
History
•	Sri Kesari Warmadewa created the Belanjong pillar	914
•	Dutch invasion against Klungkung	1908
Currency		Native silver coins and Chinese kepeng coins
Preceded by Succeeded by Prehistoric Indonesia Medang Kingdom Majapahit Dutch East Indies
Today part of		Indonesia

The Kingdom of Bali refer to a series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali, in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. With history of native Balinese kingship spanned from early 10th to early 20th centuries, Balinese kingdoms demonstrate sophisticated Balinese court culture where native elements of spirit and ancestral reverence combined with Hindu influences — adopted from India through ancient Java intermediary — flourished, enriched and shaped the Balinese culture.

Because of its proximity and close cultural relations with the neighbouring Java island during Indonesian Hindu-Buddhist period, the history of Bali Kingdom was often intertwined and heavily influenced by its Javanese counterparts, from Medang c. 9th century to Majapahit empire in 13th to 15th centuries. Javanese influences and presences grew even stronger prompted with the fall of Majapahit empire in the late 15th century. As Java began its conversion to Islam, numbers of Hindu Majapahit courtiers, nobles, priests and artisans, found refuge on the island of Bali, thus making Bali a bastion and the last sanctuary of Hindu Dharmic civilisation of ancient Java. The Balinese Kingdom in subsequent centuries expanded their influence to neighbouring islands. The Balinese Kingdom of Gelgel for example extended their influences to Blambangan region in eastern end of Java, neighbouring island of Lombok, as far as western part of Sumbawa island, while Karangasem established their rule on western Lombok in later period.

Since the mid-19th century, the colonial state of Dutch East Indies began its involvements in Bali, as they launched their campaign against Balinese minor kingdoms one by one. By the early 20th century, the Dutch has completed their conquest of Bali as these minor kingdoms fell under their control, either by force resulted in Puputan fighting followed by mass ritual suicide, or surrendered graciously to the Dutch. Either way, despite some of these Balinese royal houses still survived, this events has ended a millennia of native Balinese independent kingdom, as the local government changed to Dutch colonial administration, and later to provincial government of Bali within the Republic of Indonesia.