Aves in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae published in 1758, the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus listed 554 bird species from around the world. He divided the species into 6 orders and 63 genera.

In the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae published in 1766, Linnaeus described many addition birds that had not been included in the 10th edition. The 12th edition included 931 bird species divided into 6 orders and 78 genera. There are now believed to be around 10,000 extant species.

In 2016 the world list maintained by Frank Gill and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithologists' Union included 448 bird species for which Linnaeus's description in the 10th edition is cited as the authority. Of these modern species 101 have been retained in their original genus and 347 have been moved to a different genus. In addition, there are five species on Linnaeus's 1758 list that are now considered as subspecies. For comparison, Linnaeus's entries in the 12th edition of Systema Naturae are cited as the authority for 257 modern species of which only 25 have been retained in their original genus.

Linnaeus described the class Aves as:

A beautiful and cheerful portion of created nature consisting of animals having a body covered with feathers and down; protracted and naked jaws (the beak), two wings formed for flight, and two feet. They are areal, vocal, swift and light, and destitute of external ears, lips, teeth, scrotum, womb, bladder, epiglottis, corpus callosum and its arch, and diaphragm.

Linnaean Characteristics

Linnaeus divided the birds based upon the characters of the bill and feet. In the list below, the binomial name is that used by Linnaeus.

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