Australian federal election, 1984

← 1983

1 December 1984 (1984-12-01)

1987 →

All 148 seats in the Australian House of Representatives
75 seats were needed for a majority in the House
46 (of the 76) seats in the Australian Senate

	First party	Second party

Leader	Bob Hawke	Andrew Peacock
Party	Labor	Liberal/National coalition
Leader since	3 February 1983 (1983-02-03)	11 March 1983 (1983-03-11)
Leader's seat	Wills	Kooyong
Last election	75 seats	50 seats
Seats won	82 seats	66 seats
Seat change	7	16
Percentage	51.77%	48.23%
Swing	1.46	1.46

Prime Minister before election

Bob Hawke
Labor

Subsequent Prime Minister

Bob Hawke
Labor

Federal elections were held in Australia on 1 December 1984. All 148 seats in the House of Representatives (24 of them newly created), and 46 of 76 seats in the Senate (12 of them newly created), were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke, defeated the opposition Liberal Party of Australia led by Andrew Peacock with coalition partner the National Party of Australia led by Ian Sinclair.

The election was held in conjunction with two referendum questions, neither of which was carried.

The election had a long campaign and a high rate of informal voting for the House of Representatives, but decreased rate in the Senate (due to the introduction of the Group voting ticket). The election was held 18 months ahead of time, partly to bring the elections for the House of Representatives and Senate back into line following the double dissolution election of 1983.

The legislated increase in the size of the House of Representatives by 24 seats and the Senate by 12 seats came into effect at the 1984 election. Prior to 1984 the electoral commission did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the previous election were put through this process prior to their destruction – therefore the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.

The results of the election surprised most analysts; the expectation had been that Bob Hawke – who had been polling a record ACNielsen approval rating of 75 percent on the eve of the election – would win by a significantly larger margin. Labor instead suffered a 2-point swing against it and had its majority cut from 25 to 16. Hawke blamed the result on the changes to Senate vote cards, which he believed confused people regarding their House of Representatives votes and contributed to the relatively high informal vote, the majority of which apparently was Labor votes. Andrew Peacock did well from a good performance in the one leaders' debate, held on 26 November 1984. This was the first televised leaders' debate in Australia.

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