Associated British Picture Corporation

Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC), originally British International Pictures (BIP), was a British film production, distribution and exhibition company active from 1927 until 1970 when it was absorbed into EMI. ABPC also owned approximately 500 cinemas in Britain by 1943. The studio was partly owned by Warner Bros. from about 1940 until 1969, with the American company also having a stake in ABPC's distribution arm, Warner-Pathé from 1958. It formed one half of a vertically integrated film industry duopoly in Britain with the Rank Organisation.

The company was founded during 1927 by Scottish solicitor John Maxwell after he had purchased British National Studios and their Elstree Studios complex and merged it with his ABC Cinemas circuit, renaming the company British International Pictures. He appointed Joseph Grossman, formerly manager of the Stoll Studios, as his Studio Manager. During their early years the company's most prominent work was that directed by Alfred Hitchcock, including the film Blackmail (1929), which is usually regarded as being the first British all-talkie. Hitchcock left the company in 1933 to work for the rival British Gaumont. The company was renamed Associated British Picture Corporation in 1933 and was now in a position to vertically integrate production, distribution and exhibition of films.

Under Maxwell's paternalistic management the company prospered and during 1937 it acquired British Pathé, which as Associate British Pathé now functioned as the distribution division. After Maxwell's death in October 1940, his widow Catherine sold a large number of shares to Warner Bros., who, although the Maxwell family remained the largest shareholders, were able to exercise a measure of control. The studio at Elstree was taken over by the government for the duration of the war, and film production was restricted to B-Pictures made at the company's smaller studio in Welwyn Garden City. This studio complex closed in 1950.

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