Artur Artuzov
| Artur Artuzov | |
|---|---|
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| Born |
Artur Fraucci February 18, 1891 Tver region, Russia |
| Died | August 21, 1937 (aged 46) Moscow |
| Cause of death | Execution |
| Occupation | Intelligence officer |
| Years active | 1919–1937 |
| Agent | Cheka, OGPU, INO, NKVD |
| Known for | Role in the "Trust" |
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov (surname at birth Fraucci) Russian: Артур Христианович Артузов (Фраучи), (18 February 1891, Tver region, Russia – 21 August 1937, Moscow) was an intelligence officer and spymaster of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s.
Artuzov's father was Italian-Swiss and employed as a cheesemaker. His mother was Estonian-Latvian. Artuzov studied metallurgy at St. Petersburg Polytechnical Institute. He graduated in 1916 with a diploma in metal engineering. Artuzov was a Bolshevik and after the Russian Revolution he joined the Communist Party.
In 1918 he joined the Red Army and fought against the White Army during the Russian Civil War. The following year he joined the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage (Cheka). His uncle, Dr. Mikhail Ledrov, was an associate of Vladimir Lenin and was the head of the Cheka's "Special Department," which monitored the Red Army.
In the 1920s, Artuzov headed the Cheka's counterintelligence arm, KRO. In 1925 he wrote an operational manual called ABC of Counterintelligence, which recommended the use of ideologically based operations. An example of this strategy was Operation Trust, a series of phony monarchist/counter-revolutionary front organizations that monitored the activities of genuine activists.
Operation Trust was shut down in 1927, leading former Trust agent Alexander Kutepov to discover its true origins. Kutepov organized several terrorist operations inside the Soviet Union in retaliation, leading to Artuzov's dismissal in November. He was placed as second deputy assistant of the OGPU's (the Cheka's replacement) Secret Operations Directorate, which was headed by Genrikh Yagoda, a protege of Joseph Stalin. Artuzov, a consummate professional spy, often clashed with the less extensively trained Yagoda.
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