Artsakh (historic province)
| Artsakh Արցախ |
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| Province of Kingdom of Armenia | |||||
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| Capital | Parnes | ||||
| Historical era | Antiquity, Middle Ages | ||||
| • | Established | 189 BC | |||
| • | Province of Armenia | 189 BC | |||
| • | Part of Persian Empire | 387 | |||
| • | Kingdom | 1000 | |||
| • | Disestablished | 387 | |||
Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախ, pronounced [ɑɾˈtsʰɑχ]) was the tenth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 387 AD and afterwards a region of the Caucasian Albanian satrapy of Sasanid Persia from 387 to the 7th century. From the 7th to 9th centuries, it fell under Arab control. In 821, it formed the Armenian principality of Khachen and around the year 1000 was proclaimed the Kingdom of Artsakh, one of the last medieval eastern Armenian kingdoms and principalities to maintain its autonomy following the Turkic invasions of the 11th to 14th centuries.
Much of historical Artsakh presently overlaps with the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, and is controlled by Artsakh Republic, known as Nagorno-Karabakh Republic until early 2017.
According to Armenian and Western specialists, inscriptions dating to the Urartian period mention the region under a variety of names: "Ardakh", "Urdekhe", and "Atakhuni." In speaking about Armenia in his Geography, the classical historian Strabo refers to an Armenian region which he calls "Orchistene.", which again is believed to be a Greek version of the old name of Artsakh
According to another hypothesis put forth by David M. Lang, the ancient name of Artsakh possibly derives from the name of King Artaxias I of Armenia (190–159 BC), founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty and the kingdom of Greater Armenia.
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