Arthur F. Devereux
| Arthur F. Devereux | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | April 27, 1838 Salem, Massachusetts |
| Died | February 13, 1906 (aged 67) Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Place of burial | Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Allegiance |
 United States of AmericaUnion |
| Service/branch | Union Army |
| Years of service | 1861 – 1864 |
| Rank |
 Colonel
|
| Commands held |
|
| Battles/wars | American Civil War |
| Awards | Brevet Brigadier General |
| Other work | Ohio state representative |
Arthur Forrester Devereux (April 27, 1838 – February 13, 1906) was a captain in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia prior to the Civil War and a colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War. He is notable for his expertise and proficiency in the instruction of military drill. During the Battle of Gettysburg, the 19th Massachusetts Infantry, under his command, played an important role in filling a breach in the Union lines during Pickett's Charge. After his active service had concluded, Devereux was awarded the honorary rank of brevet brigadier general, United States Volunteers, by appointment of President Andrew Johnson on February 21, 1866 to rank from March 13, 1865, and confirmation by the U.S. Senate on April 10, 1866.
Born in Salem, Massachusetts, Devereux attended Harvard College and the United States Military Academy at West Point. His father was George H. Devereux who had served as adjutant general of Massachusetts from 1848 – 1851. His father's interest in military matters likely influenced Arthur Devereux's career. Devereux did not graduate West Point, however, and instead moved to Chicago, Illinois to pursue a career in business in 1854, when he was 15 or 16 years old.
Soon after moving to Chicago, Devereux became business partners with a young man of his own age, Elmer E. Ellsworth. In business they were unsuccessful. Before long, Ellsworth would move on to a career in law and Devereux would move back to Massachusetts. However, as peace-time militia soldiers, they were both highly successful. Both Devereux and Ellsworth became involved in the Illinois National Guard. Devereux became adjutant to Illinois National Guard Maj. Simon Bolivar Buckner, later a Confederate general during the Civil War and eventually a governor of Kentucky. Both Devereux and Ellsworth were acutely interested in the Zouave method of drill, inspired by the French Army units of the same name which fought in North Africa and wore elaborate uniforms influenced by Algerian fashions. Zouave militia units in the United States wore similar uniforms to their French counterparts and emphasized precision and showmanship in their drill. Ellsworth formed a Zouave company known as the Chicago Cadets which was placed under Adjutant Devereux's supervision. The two men frequently consulted with each other on the practice of precision Zouave drill. Later, during the Civil War, Ellsworth would command the 11th New York Infantry, a Zouave regiment. Ellsworth famously became one of the first Union Army officers killed in the war.
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