Arcot
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Arcot ஆற்காடு |
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| Town | |
18th Century Delhi gate
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 Arcot
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| Coordinates: 12°59′24″N 79°18′50″E / 12.99°N 79.314°ECoordinates: 12°59′24″N 79°18′50″E / 12.99°N 79.314°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Vellore District |
| Taluks | Arcot |
| Government | |
| • Type | First Grade Municipality |
| • Body | Arcot Municipality |
| Elevation | 164 m (538 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 70,000 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| PIN | 632503 |
| Telephone code | 91 4172 |
| Vehicle registration | TN 23, TN 73 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Arakkonam |
| Civic agency | Arcot Municipality |
Arcot is a city and urban of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Located on the southern banks of Palar River, the city straddles a trade route between Chennai and Bangalore or Salem, between the Mysore Ghat and the Javadi Hills (Javvadhu malai). As of 2011[update], the city had a population of 70000. The sweet makkan peda is a local speciality while Arcot biryani, a rice-based traditional food, is also served here.
Its name is commonly believed to have been derived from the Tamil words aaru (River) + kaadu (forest). However, arkaadu meant 'a forest of fig trees'.
Jainism was flourishing in this part of Tamil Land who were otherwise known as Arugar most probably corrupted form of Arhants or the perfected souls. The word Arugar is found in many ancient literary works and places dominant with arugars were related to them viz Arakonam, Arumbakkam, Aruvur, etc. Not far away from present day Arcot (Anglicized form of Aarkaadu) there is a place called Arungundram. Hence Arcot or Aarkaadu would have derived its name from Arugarkaadu.
The town's strategic location has led to it being repeatedly contested and prompted the construction of a formidable fortress. The Nawabdom of the Carnatic was established by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, who in 1692 appointed Zulfiqar Ali Khan as the first Nawab of the Carnatic. In 1740, the Maratha forces came down upon Arcot. They attacked the Nawab, Dost Ali in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and a number of prominent persons lost their lives. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry the Marathas proceeded to Arcot. It surrendered to them without much resistance. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur. In 1751, The English captured the town during the conflict between the United Kingdom and France for control of South India. The English successfully held it with only 500 men against the French and the Nawab, resisting for 56 days (23 September to 14 November 1751). The enemy army eventually dissolved and its leader, Chanda Shahib, was killed. Mohammed Ali Khan Walajah took over as Nawab, effectively serving as a vassal of the British. His successors soon ran up enormous debts at the hands of English speculators. In 1801, the town was annexed by the British East India Company.
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