Archibald Hill
| Archibald Vivian Hill | |
|---|---|
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| Born |
26 September 1886 Bristol, England |
| Died | 3 June 1977 (aged 90) Cambridge, England |
| Nationality | United Kingdom |
| Fields | Physiology and biophysics |
| Institutions |
Cambridge University University of Manchester University College, London |
| Alma mater | Cambridge University |
| Academic advisors | Walter Morley Fletcher |
| Notable students |
Bernard C. Abbott Te-Pei Feng Ralph H. Fowler Bernard Katz |
| Known for |
Mechanical work in muscles Muscle contraction model Founding biophysics Hill equation (biochemistry) |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1922) Royal Medal (1926) Copley Medal (1948) |
| Notes | |
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He is notably the father of Polly Hill, David Keynes Hill, Maurice Hill, and the grandfather of Nicholas Humphrey.
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Archibald Vivian Hill CH OBE FRS (26 September 1886 – 3 June 1977), known as A. V. Hill, was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. He shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of heat and mechanical work in muscles.
Born in Bristol, he was educated at Blundell's School and graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge as third wrangler in the mathematics tripos before turning to physiology. While still an undergraduate at Trinity College, he derived in 1909 what came to be known as the Langmuir equation (see Langmuir adsorption model (Langmuir 1918.). This is closely related to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In this paper, Hill's first publication, he derived both the equilibrium form of the Langmuir equation, and also the exponential approach to equilibrium. The paper, written under the supervision of John Newport Langley, is a landmark in the history of receptor theory, because the context for the derivation was the binding of nicotine and curare to the "receptive substance" of skeletal muscle endplates.
Hill made many exacting measurements of the physics of nerves and muscles. His earliest experiments on the heat production of contracting muscles used equipment obtained from the Swedish physiologist Magnus Blix. Both before and after World War I he worked on a range of topics in physiology in co-operation with colleagues in Cambridge, Germany and elsewhere.
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