Appenzell (district)
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Appenzell District Bezirk Appenzell |
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| Coordinates: 47°20′N 9°25′E / 47.333°N 9.417°ECoordinates: 47°20′N 9°25′E / 47.333°N 9.417°E | ||
| Country |
 Switzerland
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| Canton |
 Appenzell Innerrhoden
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| Capital | Appenzell (town) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 16.9 km2 (6.5 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 780 m (2,560 ft) | |
| Population (December 2015) | ||
| • Total | 5,822 | |
| • Density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 9050 | |
| SFOS number | 3101 | |
| Municipalities | Appenzell Innerrhoden has no municipalities | |
| Website | http://www.appenzell.org | |
Appenzell District is a district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. It has a population of 5,822 (as of December 2015[update]). The area of Appenzell is 16.88 km2 (7 sq mi). The district of Appenzell consists of a part of the town Appenzell, as well as Rinkenbach, Kau and Meistersrüte.
While a single late Bronze Age site has been discovered in the forest outside Appenzell, there is no evidence of a prehistoric settlement. The region around Appenzell remained forested and very lightly settled until the end of the Early Middle Ages.
Under the authority of the abbots of the monastery of St. Gall settlers began to colonization of the Sitter river valley in the late 11th century. It is mentioned, in a deed granting rights to clear land, in 1071 as Abbacella. At the same time, the parish of St. Mauritius was established. By 1200, the parish included the area of the modern district as well as villages of Brenden, Lank, Lehn and Meistersrüte. The meager records before 1500 does not allow accurate reconstruction of the early residential development. It is likely that the first village houses were along the road between church and abbot's farm, which was built at what is now Reichsstrasse near the Gansbach stream. This gave the early village an east-west orientation. East of the church the Metzibrücke bridge was built over the Sitter river. This led to the extension of the village across the river. The eastern end of the village was a conglomerate of economic and administrative buildings.
In 1291, Appenzell was devastated by the troops of the Count of Werdenberg-Sargans.
In 1353, it was granted the market right and an open plaza, the Schmäuslemarkt, opened to the south of the main street and opposite from the town hall. At the same time, a row of houses grew up to line the Hauptgasse and Hirschengasse streets. The latter road (Hirschengasse) was added as a major cross street running in the north-south direction. Additional connecting roads, squares and open areas were built at around the same time. The village of Ried, south of the village center, was founded in 1483 as a charitable foundation for poor villagers.
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Wikipedia