Apolipoprotein B

APOB
Identifiers
Aliases	APOB, FLDB, LDLCQ4, apoB-100, apoB-48, apolipoprotein B
External IDs	OMIM: 107730 MGI: 88052 HomoloGene: 328 GeneCards: APOB
Genetically Related Diseases
disease of metabolism, cardiovascular system disease, lipid metabolism disorder
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • lipid binding • lipid transporter activity • cholesterol transporter activity • lipase binding • low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding • phospholipid binding • heparin binding Cellular component • early endosome • chylomicron remnant • vesicle lumen • endoplasmic reticulum • endosome membrane • extracellular region • mature chylomicron • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • vesicle membrane • endosome lumen • intermediate-density lipoprotein particle • clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • extracellular exosome • endocytic vesicle lumen • neuronal cell body • cytoplasm • chylomicron • very-low-density lipoprotein particle • low-density lipoprotein particle • endoplasmic reticulum exit site • extracellular space • smooth endoplasmic reticulum • cytosol • plasma membrane • lysosomal lumen • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Biological process • artery morphogenesis • in utero embryonic development • fertilization • receptor-mediated endocytosis • positive regulation of cholesterol storage • low-density lipoprotein particle clearance • lipid metabolic process • cholesterol metabolic process • cholesterol transport • low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling • regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process • lipid transport • lipoprotein metabolic process • nervous system development • leukocyte migration • response to carbohydrate • retinoid metabolic process • steroid metabolic process • triglyceride mobilization • lipid catabolic process • very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly • response to lipopolysaccharide • positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation • cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus • response to virus • positive regulation of lipid storage • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor • response to selenium ion • flagellated sperm motility • positive regulation of gene expression • response to organic substance • cholesterol homeostasis • spermatogenesis • triglyceride catabolic process • cholesterol efflux • post-embryonic development • lipoprotein transport • transport • lipoprotein catabolic process • cellular protein catabolic process • lipoprotein biosynthetic process • toll-like receptor signaling pathway • response to estradiol • membrane organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	338	238055
Ensembl	ENSG00000084674	ENSMUSG00000020609
UniProt	P04114	E9Q414
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000384	NM_009693
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000375	NP_033823.2 NP_033823
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 21 – 21.04 Mb	Chr 12: 7.98 – 8.02 Mb
PubMed search

338

238055

ENSG00000084674

ENSMUSG00000020609

P04114

E9Q414

NM_000384

NM_009693

NP_000375

NP_033823.2
NP_033823

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene.

Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein of chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles (LDL - known commonly by the misnomer "bad cholesterol" when in reference to both heart disease and vascular disease in general), which is responsible for carrying fat molecules (lipids), including cholesterol, around the body (within the water outside cells) to all cells within all tissues. While all the functional roles of ApoB within the LDL (and all larger) particles remains somewhat unclear, it is the primary organizing protein (of the entire complex shell enclosing/carrying fat molecules within) component of the particles and is absolutely required for the formation of these particles. What is also clear is that the ApoB on the LDL particle acts as a ligand for LDL receptors in various cells throughout the body (i.e., less formally, ApoB indicates fat carrying particles are ready to enter any cells with ApoB receptors and deliver fats carried within into the cells).

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Wikipedia