Aphthovirus

Aphthovirus
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order:	Picornavirales
Family:	Picornaviridae
Genus:	Aphthovirus
Type species
Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Aphthovirus (from the Greek aphtha-, vesicles in the mouth) is a viral genus of the family Picornaviridae. Aphthoviruses infect vertebrates, and include the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the genus Aphthovirus. There are seven FMDV serotypes: A, O, C, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3 and Asia 1, and four non-FMDV serotypes belonging to three additional species Bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) and Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV).

Group: ssRNA(+)

Aphthoviruses are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral nucleocapsid with a diameter of around 27 to 30 nm. The aphthoviruses are differentiated from other picornaviruses as they have a larger genome (ca. 8.2 kilobases). The genome is linear and non-segmented. It consists of a single molecule of (+) sense RNA, with a 5' genome linked protein (VPg), which is associated to the genome via a phosphodiester bond linked to a tyrosine residue. The 5' end of the genome contains a poly(C) tract, while the 3' end is polyadenylated.

The virions consist of a non-enveloped virus capsid, which is round and displays icosahedral symmetry.

Aphthoviruses replicate in a similar fashion to all picornaviruses. Replication is cytoplasmic and initially involves attachment of the exogenous virus to the cell membrane. Attachment to the membrane and subsequent entry into the cell is mediated by a membrane receptor. After genome replication within the cytoplasm, virion assembly occurs and new virus particles aggregate within the cell. Release of virus particles is mediated by cell lysis.

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