Antonio Lebolo

Antonio Lebolo
Lebolo (the first standing from the left) with Drovetti (standing, center) in Egypt in 1819
Born	? Castellamonte, Italy
Died	unknown, or (1830-02-19)February 19, 1830 Castellamonte, or Trieste, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Occupation	Excavator, adventurer
Known for	Joseph Smith Papyri

Antonio Lebolo (died February 19, 1830?) was an Italian antiquities excavator and adventurer, best remembered for having acquired the Joseph Smith Papyri.

Born in Castellamonte in the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, Lebolo became a gendarme during the Napoleonic occupation of Italy; after the Restauration he fled to Egypt where he became an agent of Bernardino Drovetti, who was the French Consul-General of Egypt as well as an ardent antiquities collector.
Lebolo oversaw many excavations mainly in the zone of Luxor, usually on behalf of Drovetti and sometimes for himself. He apparently was as ruthless as his boss Drovetti, as Giovanni Battista Belzoni reported during one of his excavations at Karnak in 1818 and later: along with another Piedmontese agent named Rosignani, Lebolo harassed and maybe even tried to murder Belzoni, and later managed to steal some of his finds excavated at Philae.
Between 1817 and 1821 Lebolo found a mummy cache in a shaft tomb at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna. The finest mummies were given to Drovetti and are now in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin (no. 504, 505), others were sold to Heinrich Menu von Minutoli, Giovanni Anastasi, Frédéric Cailliaud and Henry Salt; Salt placed the objects he bought in the British Museum (no. 6705, 6706, 6708 and likely 6950). Lebolo kept the remaining mummies for himself.