Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
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The Right Honourable The Earl of Shaftesbury PC |
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The 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, ca. 1672–73.
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| Lord President of the Council | |
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In office 21 April 1679 – 15 October 1679 |
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| Preceded by | Unknown |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Radnor |
| First Lord of Trade | |
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In office 16 September 1672 – 1676 |
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| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Vacant Next holder The Earl of Bridgewater |
| Lord Chancellor | |
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In office 1672–1673 |
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| Preceded by | Sir Orlando Bridgeman |
| Succeeded by | Sir Heneage Finch |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
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In office 13 May 1661 – 22 November 1672 |
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| Preceded by | Sir Edward Hyde |
| Succeeded by | Sir John Duncombe |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Anthony Ashley Cooper 22 July 1621 Dorset, Kingdom of England |
| Died | 21 January 1683 (aged 61) Amsterdam, Dutch Republic |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret Coventry (1639–1649, her death) Frances Cecil (1650–1654, her death) Margaret Spencer (1655–1683, his death) |
| Children | 1 son |
| Alma mater | Exeter College, Oxford |
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, PC (22 July 1621 – 21 January 1683), known as Anthony Ashley Cooper from 1621 to 1630, as Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet from 1630 to 1661, and as The Lord Ashley from 1661 to 1672, was a prominent English politician during the Interregnum and during the reign of King Charles II. A founder of the Whig party, he is also remembered as the patron of John Locke.
Anthony Ashley Cooper was born in 1621 and had lost both of his parents by the age of eight. He was brought up by Edward Tooker and other guardians named in his father's will, before attending Exeter College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn. After he married the daughter of Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, in 1639, Coventry's patronage secured Cooper a seat in the Short Parliament, although Cooper lost a disputed election to a seat in the Long Parliament. During the English Civil War, Cooper initially fought as a Royalist, before departing for the Parliamentary side in 1644. During the English Interregnum, he served on the English Council of State under Oliver Cromwell, although he opposed Cromwell's attempt to rule without parliament during the Rule of the Major-Generals. He also opposed the religious extremism of the Fifth Monarchists during Barebone's Parliament.
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