Annite
| Annite | |
|---|---|
Annite sample
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| General | |
| Category |
Phyllosilicates Mica group |
|
Formula (repeating unit) |
KFe32+AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 |
| Strunz classification | 9.EC.20 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | C2/m |
| Unit cell | a = 5.39, b = 9.33 c = 10.29 [Å]; β = 100°; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Brown to black |
| Crystal habit | usually in "blocks" of thin sheets or as aggregations of foliated thin scales. Includes large, well formed pseudohexagonal prisms up to 12 cm across and 15 cm long. |
| Twinning | contact twins with composition surface on {001} and twin axis {310} |
| Cleavage | perfect in one direction {001} |
| Fracture | uneven |
| Tenacity | flexible |
| Mohs scale hardness | 2.5 - 3 |
| Luster | submetallic to vitreous; pearly on cleavage surfaces |
| Streak | brownish white |
| Specific gravity | approximately 3.3 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (-) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.625 - 1.631 nβ = 1.690 nγ = 1.691 - 1.697 |
| Pleochroism | X = brown; Y = Z = dark brown |
| 2V angle | Calculated: 12° to 36° |
| Other characteristics | diagnostic: occurrence: in magnesium poor igneous and metamorphic rocks. |
| References | |
Annite is a phyllosilicate mineral in the mica family. It has a chemical formula of KFe32+AlSi3O10(OH)2. Annite is the iron end member of the biotite mica group, the iron rich analogue of magnesium rich phlogopite. Annite is monoclinic and contains tabular crystals and cleavage fragments with pseudohexagonal outlines. There are contact twins with composition surface {001} and twin axis {310}.
Annite was first described in 1868 for the first noted occurrence in Cape Ann, Rockport, Essex County, Massachusetts, US. It also occurs on Pikes Peak, El Paso County, Colorado. It occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks that are deficient in magnesium. It occurs associated with fluorite and zircon in the type locality.
The relief of a mineral refers to the way a mineral may stand out in plane polarized light. A mineral may be referred to as having a low or high relief. Minerals with a high relief, such as annite, have sharp grain boundaries and display good fracture and cleavage. When viewed under a microscope, this mineral may appear to stick out of the other minerals in the thin section. Relief primarily depends on the index of refraction of the mineral. The index of refraction of a mineral is a measure of the speed of light in the mineral. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative to that in the given mineral. Annite has three indices of refraction known to be nα = 1.625 - 1.631 nβ = 1.690 nγ = 1.691 - 1.697. It is also an anisotropic mineral, meaning under the cross polars of a microscope the mineral will become extinct every 90°. However, in plane polarized light, annite appears as a brown or green platy form and is pleochroic, meaning the mineral changes colors under a microscope without the polars being crossed.
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