Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch (11 February 1651 – 6 February 1732) was a wealthy Scottish peer.
Anne was the daughter of Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch. In 1661, she succeeded to her sister Mary Scott's titles as 4th Countess of Buccleuch, 5th Baroness Scott of Buccleuch and 5th Baroness Scott of Whitchester and Eskdaill. On 20 April 1663 she married James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (the illegitimate son of Charles II by his mistress, Lucy Walter), and she and her husband were created Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch on that day. They had six children:
The Duke of Monmouth was executed in 1685 following the failure of the Monmouth Rebellion, in which he attempted to win the English throne. The duchess married Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis on 6 May 1688, with whom she had three children. Anne died in 1732, aged 80 and her titles passed to her grandson, Francis.