Angola's civil war

Angolan Civil War

Part of the Cold War

Angola

Date

11 November 1975 – 4 April 2002
(26 years, 4 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)

Location

Result

MPLA victory by 1992.

Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989.
Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92.
Dissolution of the armed forces of the FNLA.
Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards.
Jonas Savimbi, leader of UNITA killed in 2002; UNITA abandoned armed struggle and participated in electoral politics.
Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002.

Belligerents

MK

Cuba (1975–91)

Zimbabwe
Executive Outcomes

FNLA (1975–77)

South Africa (1975–89)

Zaire (1975)

Support:

Soviet Union (1975–89)
East Germany (1975-89)

Support:

Commanders and leaders

Agostinho Neto (1975–1979)

José Eduardo dos Santos

António Franca

Valentin Varennikov

Jonas Savimbi †

Demosthenes Chilingutila

Luiz Ranque Franque

Balthazar Johannes Vorster (1975–1978)

Pieter Willem Botha (1978–1989)

Mobutu Sese Seko (1975)

Strength

MPLA troops:

40,000 (1976) – 70,000 (1987)
130,000 (2001)

Cuban troops:

35,000 – 37,000 (1982)
60,000 (1988)

Soviet troops:

Altogether 11,000 (1975 to 1991)

UNITA militants:

65,000 (1990, highest)

FNLA militants:

22,000 (1975)
4,000 – 7,000 (1976)

South African troops:

20,000 (1976)

Casualties and losses

Unknown
2,016—5,000
15,000 casualties

54 killed

Unknown
Unknown

2,038 dead (whole Border War figure)

Over 500,000 civilians dead

MPLA victory by 1992.

MPLA troops:

Cuban troops:

Soviet troops:

UNITA militants:

FNLA militants:

South African troops:

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