André Maginot
| André Maginot | |
|---|---|
André Maginot
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| Minister of War | |
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In office 1929–1932 |
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In office 1922–1924 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 February 1877 Paris, France |
| Died | 7 January 1932 (aged 54) Paris, France |
| Nationality |
 France
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| Awards | Médaille militaire |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | French Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1917 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
André Maginot (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe maʒino]; 17 February 1877 – 7 January 1932) was a French civil servant, soldier, and Member of Parliament. He is best known for his advocacy of the string of forts known as the Maginot Line.
Maginot was born in Paris, but spent a part of his youth in Alsace-Lorraine, a region where the Maginot Line would later be constructed. After taking the civil service exam in 1897, Maginot began a career in the French bureaucracy that would last the rest of his life. He worked as the assistant of the Governor-General in Algeria until 1910, when he resigned and began his political career. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies that year and served as Under-Secretary of State for War prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
When the war began, Maginot enlisted in the army and was posted along the Lorraine front. In November 1914, Maginot (by now promoted to sergeant for his "coolness and courage") was wounded in the leg near Verdun (he would walk with a limp for the rest of his life). For extreme valor, he was awarded the Médaille militaire, France's highest military award. He was also a fencer.
After World War I, Maginot returned to the Chamber of Deputies and served in a number of government posts, including Minister of Overseas France (20 March 1917 – 12 September 1917, 11 November 1928 – 3 November 1929 ), Minister of Pensions starting in 1920, and Minister of War (1922–1924, 1929–1930, 1931–1932). He believed the Treaty of Versailles did not provide France with sufficient security. He pushed for more funds for defense and grew more distrustful of Germany during a period when few in France wanted to think about the possibility of another war.
Maginot came to advocate building a series of defensive fortifications along France's border with Germany that would include a combination of field positions and permanent concrete forts. He was influenced in this decision by his observations of successful fortifications employed at Verdun in World War I. He was also probably influenced by the destruction of his home in Revigny-sur-Ornain, which made him determined to prevent Lorraine from ever being invaded again.
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