Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D000712
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Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by a rickettsial parasite of ruminants, Anaplasma spp. The microorganism is gram-negative and occurs in the white blood cells. It is transmitted by natural means through a number of haematophagous species of ticks. Anaplasmosis can also be transmitted by the use of surgical, dehorning, castration, and tattoo instruments and hypodermic needles that are not disinfected between uses.

Although the term is often associated with animal infection, it is also used to describe infection in humans.

Anaemia may be severe and result in cardiovascular changes such as an increase in heart rate. Blood in the urine may occur due to the lysis of red blood cells. General systemic signs such as diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss may also be present. A blood smear stained with Giemsa should be observed for identification of infected white blood cells and will allow definitive diagnosis.

Other symptoms of this disease could include: Fever, Headache, Muscle pain, Malaise, Chills, Nausea, and/or Abdominal pain, Cough, and Confusion, and even a Rash which may be rare with this infection.

Vaccines against anaplasmosis are available. Carrier animals should be eliminated from flocks. Tick control may also be useful although it can be difficult to implement.

Treatment usually involves a prescription of doxycycline (a normal dose would be 100 mg every 12 hours for adults) or a similar class of antibiotics. Oxytetracycline and imidocarb have also been shown to be effective. Supportive therapy such as blood products and fluids may be necessary.

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