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Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B new.svg
Amphotericin b.png
Clinical data
Trade names Fungizone, Mysteclin-F, others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of
administration
usually I.V. (slow infusion only)
ATC code A01AB04 (WHO) A07AA07 (WHO), G01AA03 (WHO), J02AA01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
  • Rx-only, hospitalization recommended.
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 100% (IV)
Metabolism kidney
Biological half-life initial phase : 24 hours,
second phase : approx. 15 days
Excretion 40% found in urine after single cumulated over several days
biliar excretion also important
Identifiers
CAS Number 1397-89-3 YesY
PubChem (CID) 14956
DrugBank DB00681 YesY
ChemSpider 10237579 YesY
KEGG D00203 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:2682 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL267345 YesY
NIAID ChemDB 000096
ECHA InfoCard 100.014.311
Chemical and physical data
Formula C47H73NO17
Molar mass 924.091
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Melting point 170 °C (338 °F)
  

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis. The fungal infections it is used to treat include aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candida, coccidioidomycosis, and . For certain infections it is given with flucytosine. It is typically given by injection into a vein

Common side effects include a reaction with fever, chills, and headaches soon after the medication is give, as well as kidney problems. Allergic symptoms including anaphylaxis may occur. Other serious side effects include low blood potassium and inflammation of the heart. It appears to be relatively safe in pregnancy. There is a lipid formulation that has a lower risk of side effects. It is in the polyene class of medications and works in part by interfering with the cell membrane of the fungus.

Amphotericin B was originally made from Streptomyces nodosus in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The cost in the developing world of a course of treatment as of 2010 is between 162 and 229 USD.


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