Ammonolysis

Solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (S_N1) or elimination, where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of S_N1 reactions, solvolysis of a chiral reactant affords the racemate. Sometimes however, the stereochemical course is complicated by intimate ion pairs, whereby the leaving anion remains close to the carbocation, effectively shielding it from an attack by the nucleophile.

For certain nucleophiles, solvolysis reaction are classified. Solvolysis involving water is called hydrolysis. Related terms are alcoholysis (alcohols), ammonolysis (ammonia), and aminolysis (alkyl amines). Glycolysis is however an older term for the multistep conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

While solvolysis often refers to an organic chemistry context, hydrolysis is common throughout inorganic chemistry, where aqua complexes of metal ions react with solvent molecules due to the Lewis acidity of the metal center. For example, aqueous solutions of aluminium chloride are acidic due to the aqua-aluminium complex losing protons to water molecules, giving hydronium ions which lowers the pH.

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