American War of 1812

War of 1812
Clockwise from top: damage to the U.S. Capitol after the Burning of Washington; the mortally wounded Isaac Brock spurs on the York Volunteers at the battle of Queenston Heights; USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere; The death of Tecumseh in 1813 ends the Native armed struggle in the American Midwest; Andrew Jackson defeats the British assault on New Orleans.
Date June 18, 1812 – February 18, 1815 (2 years and 8 months) Location Eastern and Central North America, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Result Treaty of Ghent Military stalemate; both side's invasion attempts repulsed Status quo ante bellum Defeat of Tecumseh's Confederacy
Belligerents
United States Choctaw Cherokee Creeks	British Empire  United Kingdom  The Canadas Tecumseh's Confederacy Shawnee Creek Red Sticks Ojibwe Fox Iroquois Miami Mingo Ottawa Kickapoo Delaware (Lenape) Mascouten Potawatomi Sauk Wyandot Bourbon Spain Florida (1814)
Commanders and leaders
James Madison Henry Dearborn Jacob Brown Winfield Scott Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison William H. Winder (POW) William Hull  (POW) Zebulon Pike † James Lawrence	George, Prince Regent Lord Liverpool Sir George Prévost Sir Isaac Brock † Gordon Drummond Charles de Salaberry Roger Hale Sheaffe Robert Ross † Edward Pakenham † James FitzGibbon Alexander Cochrane James Lucas Yeo Tecumseh †
Strength
U.S. Army: 7,000 (at war's start) 35,800 (at war's end) Rangers: 3,049 Militia: 458,463* U.S. Marines U.S. Navy and Revenue Cutter Service (at war's start): Frigates: 6 Other vessels: 14 Native allies: 125 Choctaw unknown others	British Army: 5,200 (at war's start) 48,160 (at war's end) Provincial regulars: 10,000 Militia: 4,000 Royal Marines Royal Navy Ships of the line: 11 Frigates: 34 Other vessels: 52 Provincial Marine (at war's start): ‡ Ships: 9 Native allies: 10,000
Casualties and losses
2,200 killed in action 4,505 wounded 15,000 (est.) died from all causes	1,160 killed in action 3,679 wounded 3,321 died from disease
* Some militias operated in only their own regions.  † Killed in action  ‡ A locally raised coastal protection and seminaval force on the Great Lakes.

Treaty of Ghent

 United States

 British Empire

Tecumseh's Confederacy

Bourbon Spain

2,200 killed in action

1,160 killed in action

The War of 1812 (1812–1815) was a conflict fought between the United States and the United Kingdom and their respective allies. Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars; however, in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right.

Since the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the United States contested as illegal under international law. In order to man the blockade, Britain forcibly impressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy. Well-publicised impressment actions, such as the Leander Affair, and the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, enraged the American public. The British were in turn outraged by the Little Belt Affair, which resulted in the deaths of 11 British sailors. Moreover, British political support for a Native American buffer state, which conducted raids on American settlers on the frontier, hindered American expansion. On June 18, 1812, President James Madison signed the American declaration of war into law.The British government had done everything in its power to try to avert the war and was therefore dismayed by the American declaration. Senior figures such as Lord Liverpool Lord Castlereagh believed it to have been an opportunistic ploy by President Madison to annex Canada while Britain was fighting a war with France. The view was shared in much of New England, whose leaders bitterly disputed the numbers of US sailors the War Hawks claimed had been impressed by the British.

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Wikipedia